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A Report on Bats

 

 

by Harry Noyes, Bexar Audubon Society

From the October/November 2000 Issue

of "Bexar Tracks," the BAS Newsletter

 

 

The visual spectacle was all it was billed to be, but it was the sensations no one had mentioned that struck me most.

 

The pungent smell of guano, of course, but more surprisingly the quiet, insistent humming and soft downward breeze off thousands of rapidly beating leathern wings.

 

A narrow, twisting river of bats writhed just above the low trees above our heads, not more than 15 or 20 feet off the ground – close enough to see the tiny heads projecting in front of the pulsing wings.

 

Soon those tiny heads would be chomping down on myriads of moths with the gusto of velociraptors. Some 200 tons of insects die in those sonar-guided jaws nightly.

 

So massive are the fleets involved in this nightly air battle that human radar can pick up the scene as the stream of bats closes with the stream of bugs 5,000 feet or more up in the Texas sky. No one really knows how much money the bats save Texas farmers, in crops not eaten by caterpillars and in pesticide costs avoided, but a figure of $100 million a year is sometimes bandied about.

 

That night more than 30 million bats would boil out of Bracken Cave, a few miles north of Loop 1604 on the road to Natural Bridge Caverns. Some 20 million Mexican free-tail bat females arrive each spring – for Bracken is a maternity cave, where male free-tails are not welcome – and give birth to about one pup each.

 

By this late August evening, the maximum summer load had already been trimmed as some of the bats had dispersed from the jam-packed cave to other roosts. Others had succumbed to nature's rigorous winnowing.

 

A hawk swooped through the chiropteran flow this dusk and returned to a nearby tree, presumably with a small wingy corpse to shred and swallow. One observer saw the snake that hangs around the mouth of the cave grabbing bats that fly too low.

 

But the huge population of bats – believed to be the greatest single concentration of mammals of any kind at any place upon the Earth -- hardly notices such losses.

 

Unfortunately, other bats in other places suffer unnatural losses whose impact cannot be ignored. Many species of bats around the world are endangered by human ignorance and greed – through habitat loss, persecution and even hunting for food.

 

Americans may not eat bats, but many of us are no less superstitious about them than the peoples of developing lands. Just recently, many local people were thrown into near panic by inaccurate TV reports suggesting that rabid bats were fluttering everywhere.

 

The truth is, that while bats can get rabies, only a tiny percentage do and rabid bats typically avoid human contact. Virtually the only humans who ever get rabies from bats are people who foolishly handle bats they find lying on the ground.

 

There are many reasons besides rabies for bats to fly around in daytime, especially in the late summer when many young ones are just learning to fly and hunt and may get lost trying to return home at dawn.

 

Certainly the tiny risk of rabies from bats is far outweighed by the human lives they save, through consumption of disease-bearing insects, through crop-protection that reduces pesticide use, through pollination and seed-dispersal by vegetarian bats that preserve crucial plant species.

 

The 65 or so members and guests of Bexar Audubon Society who visited Bracken Cave on Aug. 23 learned things like this, and much more, from their hosts. One of South Texas's most important conservation leaders, J. David Bamberger, and wildlife expert (and BAS member) Kim Hoskins welcomed the visitors on behalf of Bat Conservation International (which owns Bracken Cave) and shared their voluminous knowledge.

 

But ultimately it was the bats themselves that taught the most important lessons, about the beauty, the majesty and the sheer incredible vastness of life on Earth. The several dozen fortunate folks who stared upward at that seemingly endless river of bats, open-eyed and sometimes open-mouthed with awe (despite warnings that guano has to start somewhere), left with a clearer appreciation of this wonder of the biological world and how much we stand to lose if we do not safeguard places like Bracken Cave and the creatures who reside in them.